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20:03 · Jul 16, 2025

Plants Are NOT Nutrient-Dense — And May Be Making You Sick | PFMD Highlights

Dr. Anthony Chaffee presents compelling evidence that humans evolved as hyper carnivores over millions of years, with stable isotope studies showing early humans had higher carnivore ratings than lions and hyenas. He explains how our ancestors transitioned from herbivorous apes 8 million years ago to meat-eating humans, developing larger brains and smaller teeth as we consumed softer, nutrient-dense animal foods. The dietary shift coincided with ice ages and drove human evolution, including tool development and cognitive advancement.

The episode reveals the toxic reality of plant foods, citing research from UC Berkeley showing vegetables contain 10,000 times more natural poisons than industrial pesticides. Dr. Anthony Chaffee details how plants use chemical warfare for survival, with common foods like Brussels sprouts containing 136 known carcinogens and almonds containing potentially lethal levels of cyanide. He emphasizes that carnivore diets provide complete nutrition without supplementation, while plant-based diets create dangerous deficiencies in essential nutrients like carnitine, B12, and DHA that are crucial for proper brain development.

Key Takeaways

  • Stable isotope studies prove humans were hyper carnivores for at least 2 million years, rating higher on the carnivore scale than contemporary lions and hyenas in the same regions
  • Brussels sprouts contain 136 known human carcinogens while white mushrooms have over 100, with vegetables like spinach and kale containing 60-100+ carcinogens each according to cancer biology research
  • Just 1-2 pounds of almonds provides a lethal dose of cyanide for adults, yet this common snack is regularly given to children despite containing one of 3,500 known cyanide-producing plants
  • Carnitine deficiency from avoiding red meat can cause specific forms of autism by preventing proper neuron development, as this essential nutrient exists only in animal products with the highest concentrations in red meat
  • Human Evolution and Hyper-Carnivore Ancestors
  • Plant Defense Mechanisms and Natural Toxins
  • Athletic Performance on Carnivore Diet
  • Specific Plant Toxins: Cyanide, Nightshades, and Celery Dermatitis
  • Nutritional Deficiencies in Vegan Diets and Supplements
  • Autism and Carnitine Deficiency in Plant-Based Diets

This is an auto-generated transcript from YouTube and may contain errors or inaccuracies.

Now you look at other studies. There's quite a lot of studies. A stable isotope study which looked at the bones of early humans and Neanderthalss and and were able to look at certain isotopes and see what they ate and were able to compare this to other animals of the day. And they found that humans were not only carnivores but they were hyper carnivores. We had a higher carnivore rating than you know lions and hyenas alive at the same time in the same area. So this is this is a very very wellestablished fact. There's also the is a study study out of Israel that showed that people were hyper carnivores going back at least 2 million years 2 and a half million years. This is because likely the ice ages. Our ancestors about 8 million years ago were were herbivorous. They split off because they started eating meat. They started eating more and more meat, more and more meat. Started having more human adaptations. Our teeth got smaller. Our jaws got smaller because we're eating softer and softer food. We're not chewing on sticks all day like a gorilla. And then our brains got bigger because we couldn't take things down with our mouth. We couldn't take things down with our claws. Because we don't kill things with our mouth and our claws. That's why we don't look like lions. But we did develop our brains. We had to develop our brains because we didn't have the claws. We didn't have the teeth. And so we figured out tactics and tools and we figured out how to take down a woolly mammoth and take it take it apart. with tools and with our brains and that's why we live in houses and lions don't. Okay. So why is it that you know eating outside of your species spec specific diet can be harmful to you? Well the the reason for that is that plants are living creatures and they want to stay living creatures. If you eat them they die. All living things have a defense and plants because they can't move or fight back like you know an animal can who can run away or can fight you. They have to use poison as their main deterrent. I learned in seventh grade biology that plants and animals are in an evolutionary arms race. Plants becoming more and more poisonous so that less and less animals could eat them so that they can survive and thrive and and not go extinct. And animals becoming more and more adapted to specific poisons and specific plants so that they can eat that plant and survive and thrive as well, but other things couldn't necessarily. And so this was their dedicated food source. So that was that was an evol evolutionary advantage. Okay? Think koalas, pandas, they eat one plant. There's 340,000 plants in the world. Koalas eat one. Pandas eat one. Cows, horses, grazing animals, they eat grass. That's it. The other things they get sick or they die. You know, the leaves that a giraffe eats are different from the leaves that a gorilla eats, those are different from the leaves that a deer eats. You mix those leaves around, they all get sick or die. So, you know, you know this inherently, okay? If you get lost in the woods and you run out of food, you can't just eat any random plant. Okay? Everyone knows that you'd get very sick, you could die. People have died. Okay? So, you know, this is this is a universal truth throughout the plant kingdom and the fungus kingdom, okay? is that plants use poisons. If you think about it, all plants are poisonous. It's just that certain animals have evolved the ability to break down specific plant specific poisons in specific plants. But if they haven't evolved to eat that plant, that plant is bad for them. And that goes for us, too. We've known since the 1980s from the work of Professor Bruce Ames out of UC Berkeley that plants, vegetables, things that we eat all the time or well not me but you know used to you guys anyway. you know, they contain quite a lot of poisons. And they were comparing this to pesticides because they were trying to ban the pesticides in the 80s because everyone was getting sick. And they said, well, you know, it must be from the pesticides. And, you know, he looked at it and he's like, well, you know, really the the pesticides we've been using for 80 years without any problem, those pesticides. And so he did the studies and he found that there's actually 10,000 times more naturally occurring poisons in the plants and the vegetables like spinach than there is in you know the pesticides we spray on them industrially by weight. Okay, so that's 99.99% of the toxic elements are in the plant itself, not the pesticide. And he also found that it was much more carcinogenic. The naturally occurring poisons were far more carcinogenic than the pesticides we sprayed on them industrially. That's why we still have pesticides because he showed scientifically that, you know, the pesticides are just a drop in the bucket compared to the plant itself. And if you're willing to eat the plant, well, you know, the pesticides aren't really, you know, what you have to worry about. Okay. Fast forward to when I was taking cancer biology at the University of Washington in Seattle. We were again, you know, learning things that, you know, plants protect themselves by using, you know, chemical deterrence. Uh, but we were looking at it in a cancer perspective. So, we're looking at carcinogens and we learned day one that Brussels sprouts had 136 known human carcinogens. This is 20 years ago, okay? Mushrooms, just white mushrooms had over 100 known carcinogens. We were given lists, spinach, kale, lettuce, celery, cabbage, cucumber, you name it. They all had 60, 80, or over 100 known human carcinogens each. And we know that they're abundant, you know, based on the work of Professor Ames. Uh we were very blown away by this. Uh we thought that he must be joking. He must be having us on. And we're looking around wildly looking for, you know, who who's in on the joke and who's smirking. But no one was. And I remember thinking in my head, but vegetables are still good for you though, right? And he must have read our minds because he just looked at us and gave us a funny look and said, I don't eat salads. I don't eat vegetables. I don't let my kids eat vegetables. Plants are trying to kill you. So, I said, "Okay, screw plants." And that was my start on a carnivore journey, even though I I didn't realize it at the time. I just knew that plants were trying to kill me. I'm not going to eat plants. So, I went to the store and I just bought things that didn't have plants, even though everything has plants. Everything someone else makes is going to have plants and sugar and things like that. So, I was just walking around. And I just there was nothing I could buy. And I came across some eggs. Okay, eggs. The eggs don't have plants in them. You know, meat meat doesn't come from plants. Milk milk doesn't come from plants. So I just ate eggs, meat, and milk for 5 years. I was playing, you know, high level rugby at the time. I was training, you know, sometimes 8 10 hours a day while in university. I couldn't get tired. I couldn't run out of energy. I couldn't get sore. I don't get sore anymore. That soreness is actually from the tox toxic elements in the plants causing inflammation, pain, and swelling and making you stiff and sore, which is a deterrent. Plant is saying, "Do not eat me. I'll make you feel bad." But we eat this stuff all the time, and so we always feel bad. We don't even realize it. We think that's normal. It's not normal. Okay. So, you know, since then, I I literally felt like a different breed of human. My body works in very different ways. And I was I was experiencing this in in you know my rugby and my athletic career. I was playing professionally in England. And I remember slipping off of that without really realizing it. And I remember thinking to myself a few months in, you know, I didn't feel as superhuman as I normally do. Like you know what's going on? Am I not training as hard? You know, I was 25. Like gosh, am I over it now? Is my body just just breaking down? You know, I figured out later that it was it was because I, you know, some plants had mixed in because, you know, some of the meat was breaded and, you know, I wasn't really thinking about it and I was like, well, you know, it's not is it that much? Does it make that big of a deal? Well, it did. It made it quite a big deal. Okay. So, you know, there are other things in plants. So, that that's sort of a general thing, but let's talk about some specifics. Okay? Any botonist on Earth can tell you this and they can tell you a lot more. Um, you know, this is any any introductory botany book can show you this as well. Okay, there there are quite a lot of things. All right, so quite a lot of plants um poison you by making you very sensitive to light. Okay, there's a thing called celery dermatitis where people eat a lot of celery or handle celery pick celery and things like that. They get horrible burns in the sun. They have to wear hats, long sleeve shirt, gloves because they will absolutely scorch in the sun. Okay, think of how many vegans have a good tan. Okay, limes. They do this as well. They have oil in the skin. This is an unripe fruit. Those seeds aren't ready yet. They that tree does not want you to eat that. So if you start grabbing that, picking that, pulling that, it doesn't want that. So it soaks this oil in your skin. You have very bad burns. You know, we have documented, you know, secondderee burns just from sun exposure after handling lines. Actually happened to my younger brother uh as as a child. We didn't know what what it was. We thought it was like an allergic reaction, but no, this is what it was. Then think about cyanide. There's 3,500 different plants that use cyanide that we know of. Uh almonds are one of them. Okay. There's different amounts of of cyanide in almonds, but anywhere from a pound to 2 lb of almonds, so you know, 400 to 800 g of almonds is a lethal dose of cyanide in an adult. And yet we give this stuff to children and tell them that it's good for them. So that's that's pretty wild to me that that we do that and we just play these games with kids and and you know almonds containing cyanide is not uh you know a little known fact that that's a widely known thing and yet people say oh well yeah there's cyanide in it but they just assume that there's really not that much. There's quite a lot you know I' I've sat down and just h eaten handfuls of almonds while watching television and easily eaten half a pound. You know, that's that's half a lethal dose of cyanide. That's insane. And so, even if it doesn't kill you, like that's not good for your body. Okay. There's night shades, you know, deadly belladana, tobacco. These things are quite harmful. They contain soline among other things. This can kill you. Okay? We avoid Belladonna. This is something that people have used as poisons going back centuries. And people knew for centuries that you don't eat night shades. And then all of a sudden we we forgot this or or thought that it didn't really matter that much. But potatoes, tomatoes, eggplants, peppers, these were all in the nightshade family and they all contain soline and other toxic elements. 70 people a year still die from eating potatoes. Potatoes. Okay, but it's not that far-fetched. Think about it. I'm sure, you know, most people have learned that you take potatoes, you need to keep them in a dark place under the in a cupboard or something like that because if it turns green, it's bad. You can't eat it. Well, what does bad mean? It means it's poisonous and it's deadly poisonous. It starts growing a root. You have to cut out the whole root or just throw the whole thing away because now that's poisonous. Deadly poisonous that can kill you. People that don't realize how bad that is eat it and they die or, you know, because they have to if they're starving, I suppose. But that's a serious thing. And even though a normal potato when it does when it's not in those forms is isn't necessarily going to kill you, it's not good for you. Okay? And then there's carbohydrates and so forth which which fundamentally disrupt your your metabolic system and so forth. Uh which is maybe a topic for another time. But you know I argue that you know what what people call a fasting state so-called fasting state is actually our primary metabolic state. is the primary metabolic state of nearly all animals in the wild. That's where all of our heavy machinery comes to bear. Okay. So, when you're on a carnivore diet, you're in that metabolic state just like a cow, just like a gorilla, just like a wolf, just like a lion. Okay. So, what else about plants? Well, we know that we can't be vegan or herbivores because plants, you know, lack very vital nutrients that you you cannot get from anything else. >> Hey guys, just want to take a second to thank our sponsor, Carnivore Bar. I don't promote many products because honestly, all you need to be healthy is to just eat meat. But for those times that you're out hiking, road tripping, or stuck at work and you want nutritious snack that is just meat, fat, and salt if you want it, the Carnival Bar is a great option. So, I like this product not because it's just pure meat, but also because I want the carnivore market to thrive as well. And the more we support meat only products, the more meatonly products there will be available in the mainstream. So, if this sounds like something you'd like to get behind, check it out using my discount code Anthony to get 10% off, which also applies to subscriptions, giving you 25% off total. All right, thanks guys. You need to supplement. Vegans need to supplement. Vegetarians need to supplement. They're generally quite deficient. Look at India. They have high uh rates of vegetarianism and so forth, but they're generally ovolacto vegetarians. So, they are getting some animal sourced nutrition, but they're also very nutrient deficient. They have quite bad um nutritional deficiencies. They they they're very uh you know, they're very deprived in that sense of nutrients. Okay. So, if you need to take supplements, obviously this cannot be something that we evolved on because we didn't have supplements and and GNC 50,000 years ago, even a 100 years ago really for the things that we have available now. We certainly didn't have them 100,000 thousand years ago, 2 million years ago when people were living as hyper carnivores as we've seen from all the studies. Okay? So if you need to supplement then by definition your diet is is deficient. Okay. So that can't be our evolved diet. That can't be our optimal diet. There are quite a number of things. B12, D3, K2. Uh you're not going to get enough vitamin A. You'd have to eat three pounds of carrots a day just to get enough sorry six pounds of carrots a day just to get enough vitamin A a day. Okay? So that's not going to happen. you're not going to do that. Uh, and then there's other things, essential fatty acids such as DHA and so forth. This does not exist in plants. You know, we make some of the essential fatty acids that we need, but we don't make that much. We don't make enough. Okay? And that is what grows your brain. That's what grows your nervous system. And if you don't get these in sufficient amounts, your brain will be underdeveloped and you also your brain will start to decay. There's quite a lot large studies showing that higher saturated fat intakes, higher animal fat protein and so forth uh in the diet protects against Alzheimer's, protects against dementia, protects against Parkinson's, actually protects against heart disease. Okay, we'll get to that later. So on a carnivore diet, you don't need to supplement. Okay, the Inuit didn't do it. I don't do it. The native Australians didn't do it. You know, Genghaskhan of the Mongol horde who just ate horse meat, drank horse blood, they didn't do it. uh and you don't need to do it, okay? Because it's it's our evolved diet. If it's a our evolved diet, then by definition, it has everything that you need. Now, there's an organization called SIP, SIPs. This is a group of pediatricians in Italy, and they've come out with this. They they said flat out, you know, any any diet that you need pharmacological supplementation is a bad diet. It's not a good diet, and this is not something that should be pushed on kids. This was in in response to people trying to push a vegan diet for children, which is honestly criminal. There there have actually been cases of of vegan mothers who are breastfeeding and their children dying from the breast milk because it's so deficient in the nutrients and probably have a lot of toxins as well. Okay, so that's quite harmful. You know, kids that are raised vegan have much higher rates of uh autism, have much higher rates of, uh, you know, uh, short stature, reduced, you know, uh, bone mineral density, muscle density, and so forth. This is bad for them. Okay. The autism thing that there's quite a lot of studies that show, you know, correlation with food and so forth that, you know, more meat, higher saturated fat during pregnancy protects against autism. However, there's causitive studies as well. Um, out of I think the University of Texas at Austin, they showed that there was a type of autism and what is autism? Autism is a misdevelopment of your neurons. Okay? So, your neurons didn't develop properly. They didn't work quite right for whatever reason, and you have a certain form of autism. So, one of those forms of autism was found to be caused by a lack of carnitine. Carnitine is thought to be a non-essential amino acid, meaning that we make it, but not everyone makes enough of it. Not everyone makes it at all. And so they found that if you don't have sufficient amounts of carnitine, carnitine is, you know, integral for the development of proper development of neurons. And so if you don't have that, you can't develop them properly and you'll get a specific kind of autism. Well, carnitine doesn't exist in plants. It doesn't exist in fungus. It only exists in meat to some degree in most animal sourced foods, but there's a ton of it in red meat. Okay, what is the first thing that vegetarians do? They drop red meat because that's the worst, right? Well, no, actually, it's the best. Vegans, they don't eat any pro products at all. Okay? So, they're not going to get any carnitine at all. So if you have a vegetarian who just cuts out red meat and their kid doesn't make any carnitine at all, well, you know, the chicken and fish and, you know, eggs and so forth that they're eating probably to a small degree isn't going to be sufficient source of carnitine to develop their brain properly and they'll get this form of autism. And then vegans who eat no animal source protein at all and get none of these nutrients, get no carnitine, even if they have a slight deficiency, they'll get this form of autism as well. So this is this is quite serious and honestly you could argue that this was child abuse to do this and that that may ruffle some feathers, but I I think if you think about this and you understand, you know, the science behind it, you know, it's it's hard to argue that it's not. Obviously, you know, people aren't doing this intentionally. If they were, then that would certainly be child abuse. Parents want to do the best for their kids by and large, and sometimes they'll put them on a vegan diet because they're being told that this is the best thing. But I can tell you for a cold, frozen fact that is the worst thing you can do for your kid. Okay? So, you know, this cannot be our evolved diet. All right? It has poison. It doesn't have the proper nutrients. Has low bioavail bioavailability of the nutrients that it does have. you don't really absorb the proteins that it does have. You say, you know, you know that's 30 grams of protein from plant source versus 30 grams of protein from animal source. You will absorb nearly all of those 30 grams from an animal source. You will you'll absorb very little of the 30 grams of plant protein. We've seen this in tons of studies. Patients with stoas where they, you know, they have to you have a bag where their feces come out. You know, they say you have to some sort of surgery, some sort of issue, they have to rest their bowel or maybe remove their bowel. We can see this. We can see that when you eat animals, animal animal protein, you absorb nearly all of it. It's not coming out in the bag. Whereas plant protein like soy and so forth, that almost all of it comes out. And so this gets down to your colon, your, you know, the bacteria, you start getting work on it. You get, you know, nasty byproducts. Okay. Oh, honey, that's an animal product, right? Well, it's actually, you know, bee vomit and they're just vomiting up concentrated nectar, okay? Which comes from a plant. So, if you want to get technical, it goes back and uh you know, it's not it's not exactly an animal, but it's also sugar. Okay?
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