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1:03:21 · Jul 27, 2025

This Is Why Your Heart Is Failing – And It’s NOT Cholesterol

Dr. Anthony Chaffee explores the fundamental misconception that plants are inherently healthy, revealing the biological reality that plants are chemical warfare factories designed to defend themselves from being eaten. Drawing from his cancer biology professor's teaching that 'plants are trying to kill us,' he explains how nearly one million documented plant defense chemicals can disrupt human physiology, hormones, and nutrient absorption. Plants use sophisticated defense mechanisms like latex that can literally glue predators' mouths shut, leading to slow starvation.

The discussion reveals how humans evolved as apex predators for over 2 million years, thriving in Arctic conditions where only animal foods were available. Archaeological evidence shows we only developed enzymes to digest plant starches around 10,000 years ago with agriculture - a mere blink of evolutionary time. Dr. Anthony Chaffee shares his personal transformation eating only eggs and meat for five years, experiencing unprecedented health and vitality that he later recognized as living according to our biological design as carnivores.

The episode exposes the corrupted nutritional establishment, where food and pharmaceutical companies fund dietary guidelines and medical education. Internal documents reveal how sugar companies paid Harvard professors to falsify research blaming saturated fat for heart disease, while the highest quality evidence shows no relationship between saturated fat intake and cardiovascular disease. The same playbook used by tobacco companies to hide health dangers is now employed by processed food manufacturers, using addictive substances and 'bliss point' engineering to maximize consumption while funding nutritional organizations that promote plant-based diets despite their inherent nutritional deficiencies requiring supplementation.

Key Takeaways

  • Nearly 1 million plant defense chemicals have been catalogued that can directly harm human physiology, disrupt hormones, and interfere with nutrient absorption
  • Humans evolved as apex predators for over 2 million years, only developing plant-digesting enzymes around 10,000 years ago with agriculture
  • The highest quality evidence (umbrella reviews) shows zero relationship between saturated fat intake and cardiovascular disease, with higher saturated fat intake actually reducing stroke risk
  • Internal memos published in JAMA (2016) prove sugar companies paid Harvard professors to falsify research blaming saturated fat instead of sugar for heart disease
  • Native populations switching from traditional hunter-gatherer diets to Western agricultural diets experience massive increases in chronic diseases at much higher rates than populations with 10,000 years of agricultural exposure
  • Only humans and pets eating human food develop chronic diseases - wild animals eating species-appropriate diets remain healthy throughout their natural lifespans
  • Meat provides all essential nutrients in proper proportions without requiring supplementation, while plant-based diets are inherently deficient in B12, D3, K2, DHA, EPA, and retinol
  • Food companies employ former tobacco scientists to engineer 'bliss point' addiction in processed foods, using sugar and caffeine as known addictive drugs while funding nutritional organizations that promote their products
  • Why Plants Are Trying to Kill Us - Plant Defense Mechanisms and Toxins
  • Plant Sentience and Communication - How Plants Respond to Attacks
  • Human Evolution as Apex Predators - Ice Age Diet and Archaeological Evidence
  • Native Populations and Diseases of Civilization - Hunter-Gatherer Health vs Agriculture
  • Pet Health and Human Food - Why Animals Get Our Diseases
  • The Saturated Fat and Cholesterol Myth - How Food Industry Created the Lie
  • Dr. Chaffee's Personal Journey - From Cancer Biology to Carnivore Diet
  • Medical Education Corruption - How Food and Drug Companies Control Curriculum
  • Alcohol Normalization and Diet Deficiency - Why Plant-Based Diets Require Supplements
  • Food Industry Addiction Science - How Tobacco Companies Moved to Processed Food
  • Medical Industry Business Model - Why Curing Disease Isn't Profitable
  • Cholesterol Lowering Drugs and New Patent Medicine - The Statin Scam Continues

This is an auto-generated transcript from YouTube and may contain errors or inaccuracies.

[Music] Dr. Anthony Chaffy, thanks very much for for coming on. Really appreciate it. Um, >> I wanted to start off uh, you know, with saying that when we're young, uh, we we hear from pretty much everyone, our parents, everyone tells us we got to eat our vegetables to to grow up strong and healthy. Um, but, uh, you famously say that plants are trying to kill us. Um so uh yeah why is that >> just being slightly facitious I mean it's it's really a quote that I took from my own professor of cancer biology when I was doing my undergraduate degree and he was trying to relay upon us that plants are living organisms and they like to stay living organisms and so they have a series of defenses that are chemical in nature. So all living things have a defense otherwise they they would have gone extinct by now and if there weren't as robust a defense as they needed. So while animals can run away and fight back, plants can't. And so they have chemical deterrence as their as their main weapon. So we have cataloged, counted and named um nearly 1 million defense chemicals that plants make that can be directly toxic. They can be disruptive to our physiology. They can disrupt our hormones. They can cause other sorts of impairments. They can disrupt the digestion and absorption of other nutrients and and so on and so on and so on. So there there are quite a lot of of robust defenses that that plants have. Now, a plant is trying to kill you in the same regard as as a moose or a bison is trying to kill you. It's not that it's hunting you and it and it wants you dead. It's just that you get too close to a bison or a moose and it feels threatened. It will take you out because it's kill or be killed in the wild for plants as well as animals. And so if you threaten that plant, it is more than happy for you to die if it gets to live. And people say, well, they don't necessarily have a conscious choice in this matter. Not necessarily the case. You know, more and more botnists are coming out now saying that plants are actually quite sentient and they have a nervous system that relays in response to injuries and attacks and different sorts of stimuli very similar to our central nervous system. So they don't have a centralized nervous system or a brain, but their entire body acts like a central nervous system. So they don't have a brain, they act like a brain. They have receptors on their on the surface of their bodies that are the same protein photo receptors that we have on the back of our retina that recognize different frequencies of light. So that while they don't have eyes, they are eyes and they can actually see around them. They speak to each other. They communicate through their roots, through vibrations, through chemical signals sent through the air. And um they're actually quite sophisticated in a lot of ways. In fact, some botnists are saying that they display features that denote personhood and individuality, which is pretty Yeah. Which is pretty remarkable. So these these plants are like every other living thing and and they they have to defend themselves and they have to defend themselves in robust nature. You know, think about this way. Latex, we use latex gloves in in medicine all the time. Latex is and a lot of things we use in in medicine are from plants. A lot of them are toxins that we find, you know, is helpful in certain cases. You know, penicellin, that's a that's a toxin that's made from mold that kills bacterias, right? So, the there's there's there's this constant war in nature and we use that to our advantage in certain circumstances. So latex is actually a sap that's that's secreted from certain plants. And it's when they're sort of crushed and chewed that they start releasing this really thick, sticky sap with latex in it. >> And what happens is when the animals eating that plant and it releases all this latex, it actually glues their mouth shut. And so, you know, it's a pretty elegant way to stop something from eating you is gluing its mouth shut. But the reality is is that that animal typically can't get his mouth unglued and so they die and they starve slowly to death over the course of the next couple weeks or they get taken out by something else. So the plant really has no problem with you dying if it gets to live. And there are in fact the majority of plants on Earth will kill you if you eat them even in small quantities. And there are some plants that if you just get too close to them and breathe in the chemicals that they're exuding in a defensive nature around them, you can die just from inhaling the chemicals that they that they exude. There's a there's a garden in England and um you know on the gates it says you know beware you know these plants can kill and um there are plants you know of that nature that you get too close to them and and disturb them and they can actually kill you. And in fact there I think one of their heads grounds keepers actually did die. Maybe a couple other people who work there have died as well by getting too close to these plants and and breathing in their fumes. So, you know, it's it's not that they're actively hunting us and and trying to kill us, but they are just defi they're trying to defend themselves just like everything else. And if that means that you have to die so they get to live, so be it. They're more than happy to do it. Just like if you get too close to a moose, it will stomp you out because it's not trying to eat you, but it's trying to make sure that you don't eat it. >> That's inc. Yeah, it's quite incredible actually because I think that's not uh what the majority of people think when they they think of plants as a I mean it it is living but they don't really think of it the same way they would think of an animal you know. >> Yeah. No, they don't. But you know we we for a long time didn't think that animals felt pain and that we could abuse them and do anything we wanted to them because you know they didn't they didn't feel pain like we did. So you know it didn't count. You know you could be nasty and horrible to them. Obviously that's not not the case. you know, they just because they can't scream out in English, hey, that hurts. You can still see them yelling and screaming. So, plants yell and scream in a different way, but they do yell. And in fact, there there are papers that have been published that are just called, you know, plants scream, you know, and they so it's uh they can send out scream out chemical signals screaming to other plants that they're being attacked, that they're being killed, and to defend themselves like, "Hey, we're being attacked. Defend yourselves." They send signals to their roots to other plants. They send vibrational signals to other plants and those other plants around them start responding and start upregulating more and more toxins. So this is this is a good reason why people will tend to well it's the folk wisdom you may have been taught by you know your mother parent or something like that that when you're looking for produce if it has like signs of like an insect biting it or burrowing in you even if that insect is gone I mean it you oh you don't eat that one that one's bad well why is it bad is there bacteria on it is it infected no what it is is that insect started eating that and the plant started defending itself, started making more and more toxins to drive that away. And that's why it didn't get completely eaten, just had a chunk of it bitten out and then it got too toxic and it started tasting horrible and so the the bug took off and went somewhere else. But that means that that's upregulated a lot of those toxins and so that can be more harmful if you eat something that has a blemish or has, you know, like fungus started attacking it or something like that as well. So, it's not, you know, the information is out there. It's just, you know, how how we're gathering this information is is generally through hearsay and propaganda. It's plants are great for you. Meat's going to kill you. Saturated fat's going to give you a heart attack. And so, you have to eat anything else by definition is therefore good for you as long as it doesn't have saturated fat and it's not from an animal. And that's sort of what's been going on for the last 40 years. And it's just complete rubbish, you know? I mean, just because something is, you know, is is something different. If you're if you're calling one, you know, one thing bad for you, just being something else doesn't necessarily make it good for you, it just means it's not that one thing. So, even if something didn't contain saturated fat, if saturated fat were bad for you, which it is not, just because something didn't have saturated fat doesn't mean it's deacto good for you. But that is exactly the argument that was made. And so these plants didn't fruits and vegetables didn't have saturated fat. And so then they said, "Okay, yeah, they're all good for you." The only thing people started avoiding was was saturated fat. So, you know, it's it's not an education. Like that's not what botany teaches us. That's not what biology teaches us. That's not what the hard sciences show. The hard sciences show that plants and animals are in an evolutionary arms race. Plants becoming more and more toxic so less and less animals can eat them so they can survive and thrive. and animals becoming more and more adapted to specific po toxins and specific plants they can eat that plant and survive and thrive. And this is why out of the 400,000 plants in the world, most of them will kill you. And in fact, most plants will kill most animals, even herbivores, because herbivores have to be specially adapted to the plants that they eat as well. And so while a koala eats eucalyptus and almost nothing else eats eucalyptus because they're so toxic, koalas don't eat anything else because those other things would be toxic to a koala. And so we eat avocados and grapes, but avocados and grapes will kill cats and dogs because they have less defenses towards the toxins in grapes and avocados. And obviously they grapes and avocados do have toxins or else it wouldn't kill dogs and cats. Chocolate, same thing. You know that that can be toxic to to dogs at certain levels. You know there and there's reasons for that. It disrupts our physiology in certain ways that that will result in death. And we forget this fact and we forget the fact that these things have toxins and that we have not been exposed to these toxins for really more than 10,000 years in any meaningful way. and that more um you know native populations that have more recently turned to a post-aggricultural way of eating in the last 150 years like Native Americans, the indigenous a indigenous Australians um several populations of subsaharan Africa um etc. you know the Inuit that these these peoples were largely hunter gatherers mostly hunters they gathered if the hunt wasn't successful and if they could get meat they ate meat. is plants were a backup sort of a a starvation to food um and if they had to by and large and now they're you know as in a post-aggricultural society they get far more sick than people of of western descent who have been exposed to agriculture for 10,000 years or so and that's really telling you we've had you know Europeans and others have had about 10,000 years to be exposed to these plant toxins and start to try to get a bit of a defense against them. But these other native populations that came more recently to a post-aggricultural way of eating, a western society, a western diet, which in aggro in anthropology, they talk about specifically when you come from a pre-aggricultural society, hunter gather population, basically you're dealing with injuries and infectious disease, and they live just as long if not longer than the rest of us. It's just that infant mortality rates high. So the average life expectancy is lower, but how long people live before they die of old age is as long or longer than people in the west. And they don't get these chronic diseases. But when they move to civilized so-called societies, these post-aggricultural societies, western societies, all of a sudden there's a massive shift in what they they get afflicted with. And it's now not predominantly infectious disease and injuries like it would have mostly been in the 17 and 1800s for us. But it's chronic disease. That's the major burden of disease. And that's the major burden of disease around the world. 90% of deaths in the western world are from chronic diseases. 74% of deaths around the world are from chronic diseases. So this is um you know this is a major major issue and I think that it is very clear that this is nearly exclusively caused by eating a species inappropriate diet a biologically inappropriate diet. We need to go back to what certainly get getting rid of processed food but even before processed food people were still getting these these uh you know different sorts of diseases at much much lower rates and they called them diseases of the west because only westerners got them only people in postaggricultural societies got them but then when pre-aggricultural societies like the native Americans etc shifted to a post-aggricultural society then they all started getting them and at much higher rates so I think that's that's very cut and dry. And then when you move back and you start eating to our biological design, the way that humans have been eating since humans have been humans, you know, humans have been apex predators for at least 2 million years if not longer. We have very clear evidence that humans have been thriving in the Arctic Circle during the ice ages at a time when the Great Plains in America in North America were under a mile high block of ice and you're talking about 2,000 miles north of that. what exactly is there to eat besides animals, right? I mean, nothing's growing. Certainly not growing wheat. You know, we only turned agriculture about 10,000 years ago. And we know that because we only started producing things like amalayise, which is a enzyme that breaks down plant starches into constituent glucose molecules. That only hit the genome about 10,000 years ago. It's very, very recent. And then in these agricultural societies, it spread very widely but not in the other societies that did not go to agriculture at that time. And then as populations shifted to agriculture, they they started picking up this this um uh trait for um production of amala. So it's that's very clear to me. You you go back to eating what humans were eating during an ice age in the Arctic Circle and all of a sudden people's health issues are going away. Their diabetes goes away. their autoimmunity goes away and heart you know hypertension high blood pressure starts going away start putting on muscle they lose fat their Alzheimer starts to improve or they never form it in the first place all these sorts of things are massively improving people's health and it and it's such a simple thing and we see it this cause and effect relationship when people are eating the way humans have always been eating or even close to that they don't get these diseases and then they shift to a post-aggricultural modern society way of eating and they get these diseases of civilization as described in anthropology textbooks and then you go back and eat you know a traditional way it goes away for all populations. So to me it's probably one of the most obvious things that that exists on this earth. It's it is crazy to me with with diet that it's seen as healthy to to have all this processed food and um be you know now there's this this movement that meat is bad and you know plant-based diet and this and that and it's fine to have a processed burger that tastes tastes like beef but it's nothing to do with beef. Now that is considered healthy but to have a steak is not. And it's just like mindboggling to me that that people believe this. Um, and if you think about, as you said, like thinking about what our ancestors must have eaten, surely that must be the the best way to eat. I mean, people animals don't get, unless they're our pets, animals don't get diabetes and uh and things like that. They know what to do. you know, people were born with the right sort of instincts, but we've we've messed that up over the last uh you know, the last however many hundred years, you know. >> Well, you know, and that and that's a great point, too, because it's our domesticated pets that that get the exact same diseases that we get. The only animals on Earth that get these these diseases are humans and the animals that eat human food, right? And in fact, vets now are saying that there's this massive increase in the rates of so-called human diseases, which are just the diseases of civilization in the pet populations. And of course, that only happens when you feed them kibble and other sorts of man-made foods instead of just feeding them what they're supposed to eat. You know, dogs and cats are known carnivores or giving them grain and plant-based kibble because it makes these companies a lot of money. You know, we worry about processed foods, but then we don't realize that pet food, dog and cat food is largely owned by the processed food manufacturers like Mars, like Mars bars. They make dog and cat food and they call it like, you know, sexy names like science diet. Science told us, you know, put this exactly what you eat, you know, science tells us that dogs should eat meat. Science tells us that cats have to eat meat, you know. So this is this is um you know it's marketing you know they're saying they're calling it science like oh this is the best bone with meat on it that's the best you know and that's obvious you know an animal that they just caught and are eating that is the best obviously you know you can't mimic that with grains and plants because a they don't have the same nutrition and b they have a lot of toxic elements that cause harm. That's all there is to it. Wolves in the wild when eating their natural diet are in ketosis. They do not eat carbohydrates. Lions in the wild are in ketosis. They have tested this and and of course they would be. They're not eating carbohydrates are getting fat and protein. So why would we think putting a dog or a cat on a heavily carbohydrate-rich diet, spiking their insulin and taking them out of ketosis would be a good idea. Obviously, it's uh it's it's very unlikely to do that. There's an immutable law in biology is that of adaptation. What a species has been adapting to and exposed to the longest is what is they are best equipped to deal with. And humans have been eating meat for literally millions of years, multiple millions of years. We've been apex predators for over two million years. That's what all the best evidence shows. And apex predators by definition are carnivores. And then you look at felines and canines and they've been carnivores for far longer than that. And we're saying no, this plant aka wheat or corn or soy that is a human construction that did not exist in nature um before we bred it and created it. No, that that's the ideal food stuff for for all of the above. That doesn't make any sense. We haven't been adapting to this at all for any length of time. You know, 10,000 years is a blink of the eye in in regards to just human existence. You know, if we're talking about the entire existence of of the human species, it's it's literally just a fraction of of our existence. You know, there it was some sort of analogy. Someone said, you know, if you had an entire like football field, you 100 meter field and and you know, and that was all of human existence. We would have been eating meat all the way up until like, you know, the last, you know, centimeter. And like that's agriculture. in now it's like it's like two blades of grass and like that's it. That's the only time we've actually been eating plants. The rest of the time we just been eating meat. So, you know, we're heavily adapted to eating meat. We know that that's not harmful. There are no toxic elements in in meat. That saturated fat does not cause heart disease. That is a pure con because that was, you know, that was um pushed by the, you know, the mostly the sugar manufacturers and processed food companies and potentially the tobacco companies as well who then bought up most of these food companies in the 80s. They pushed that because they needed to protect their own investment in their processed food and garbage that they were selling because that was very likely to be the cause of cardiovascular disease. So they needed to pick a scapegoat and they just dumped money behind it and paid off some of the most prominent professors and researchers in the world from Harvard and elsewhere to lie and and say this stuff. And one of those professors was named head of the USDA. And he was, you know, he he was the one who authored and published USDA declaration in the late 70s saying that cholesterol causes heart disease, saturated fat increase cholesterol, stop eating both. This is going to kill you. And we still listen to this nonsense even though it goes it's in direct contravention of the published data and evidence. So much so that the the US dietary guidelines and recommendations in 2015 were actually changed and they removed the recommendation to limit the amount of dietary saturated fat and cholesterol because as they said there's absolutely no evidence that um dietary cholesterol or saturated fat has any effect on your serum blood levels of cholesterol and has absolutely no impact on the development of cardiovascular disease. So they said this this is a non-issue anymore and we shouldn't be worrying about it. They they you know they removed this as a um you know a substance of concern in uh in the diet, you know, and yet people are still a decade later screaming this from the rooftops. Oh, limit your saturated fat to less than 10%. Well, you know, if you want to go more than that because, you know, just you know, recommendations are just, you know, it's it's just expert opinion. That's the, you know, lowest tier on the evidence hierarchy. Okay, let's go to the very top, the tippy top of that pyramid is an umbrella review. So you have randomized, high quality randomized control trials because you can have poor quality randomized control trials, but high quality randomized control trials and that can tell you something and then you make a meta analysis of those those high quality randomized control trials and that gives you even stronger evidence. But then when you amass enough metaanalyses of high quality randomized control trials, you can actually do a meta analysis of those metaanalyses and that's called an umbrella review. So what the journal American College of Cardiology published in 2020 a meta analysis of metaanalyses of all the randomized control trials looking at the connection between dietary saturated fat and cardiovascular disease and they found absolutely no relationship. whatsoever between the intake of saturated fat and cardiovascular disease. But in fact, they found an inverse relationship between saturated fat intake and strokes. So people that ate more saturated fat actually had less strokes and people ate less saturated fat actually had more strokes. And yet we are still trying to tell people that saturated fat you have to avoid it. This is so bad for you. This is absolutely against the available evidence at the highest level of evidence. This is not opinion. This is not conjecture. This is fact. And when you look back at the original vilification of saturated fat and cholesterol, you actually see that it was a complete con and a fraud. And we have hard evidence of that as well, published in the journal American Medical Association in 2016 when they published actual internal memos from the sugar companies detailing how they paid off professors from Harvard and elsewhere to falsify data and publish fraudulent studies and how one of those professors became head of the USDA. So that's where I got that. I got that from one of the top medical journals in the world. This is published literature. This is not conjecture. This is not an accusation. This is a matter of historical record. They made it up. They lied. And it has been substantially disproven since then. And it needs to go away and die. >> I wanna I want to dig uh definitely dig much deeper into that. But before we do, just to come back to you for a second, maybe you could tell tell the audience a little bit more about who you are and uh you know, how what led you onto this sort of journey of of health and nutrition because uh you know, your main focus for you was the brain. Um and so what sort of led you Yeah. into this direction? >> Yeah. I'm I'm a medical doctor and I have a a private practice here in Australia although I'm from America. Um I've been specializing in neurosurgery as a as a registar here and um but also I have a private practice in metabolic health preventative medicine and uh just health optimization you know using lifestyle and dietary and lifestyle interventions to try to get people as healthy as possible and we are just seeing massive improvements in in people's health um so much so that I can't I can't not do this you know I it's not I don't think it would be ethical ult for me to to stop because I just I just see it helping so many people in so many profound ways. What got me into this? Well, initially, like I said, I had a professor of cancer biology who told us how toxic plants were and how they were very carcinogenic and said to us that he didn't eat salads or vegetables and wouldn't let his kids eat vegetables because, in his words, plants are trying to kill you. So the the the what was left hanging there was that well why the hell would you eat these things? Like they're toxic. They're trying to kill you. What's wrong with you? And so I stopped at that point and I I just went to the grocery store like well what what in God's name do I eat? And I just was walking around. I was like everything's has plants in it. That was my only my only standard. It was just like can't have plants. That was the only thing I cared about. And so it was just everything I was walking through. Everything had plants in it. And I just walked by some eggs and meat and I was like, "Okay, eggs and meat it is." And that's what I ate for five years. I've never felt better. Felt absolutely amazing. I was worried about, you know, vitamin deficiencies. I remember thinking, I was like, "Oh, do I need to like take a multivitamin or take a eat a banana or something?" And I was just like, "Well, you know, I mean, I feel good. My gums aren't bleeding, so, you know, I'm just going to ride this out." That was an actual conversation I had in my head verbatim. >> I was like, "What do I do?" I was like, "All right, let's let's let's ride this out. see what happens. And and I felt amazing. I I just felt better and better as I went. There wasn't any issues. And you know, you you sort of slip off these things because you you just get inundated with, oh, you know, but you need this, you need that, and this research, blah, blah, blah. And I was like, yeah, I don't know, you know, because it has these toxins and carcinogens like, you know, oh, but you have to have mushrooms because it has anti veg and that's an anti-carcinogen and it's good against cancer. And I was like, "Yeah, but it has carcinogens in it, you know, like why are you why are you take and and also I don't have cancer, so why am I taking anti-vef, which is it was a chemotherapy agent, so like why why would I be taking chemo if I'm not on if I don't have cancer? That doesn't make sense because you wouldn't just take any other chemo drugs because that would hurt you. That would cause a lot of harm and they have carcinogens." I was like, that doesn't really make sense. But I was just like, I don't know. you just go along with these things because you just have it's coming from so many directions you're like okay I guess and I never felt as good as I did during those five years and I never I never knew why I didn't didn't chalk it up to that I didn't see that um at the time it wasn't for several years later actually 12 years later that I came back to this and realized that no humans just really are carnivores as a species we've been apex ex predators for millions of years. I learned that in second grade and that's what I was doing. I was living as a carnivore. I was living to our biological design. That's what meant. I've never felt better in my entire life during that period. And so I said that's what I was doing. I've never been able to figure it out. That's what it was. I just chocked it up to age. I just, you know, at 25 I felt like a superhero. At 25 and a half, I did not. And I couldn't figure out what happened. And then I did at 38 finally. I guess better late than ever. And I I just >> So you'd gone back to you'd gone back to um non non-cnivore at that point. >> Yeah. I I sort of I just sort of went back to just mostly eating meat because that was always what I preferred anyway. And and but just adding in some salads, you know, salads or veggies or or something like that. Never really ate much fruit, you know, you know, a bit here and there, but uh yeah, mostly like salads and and meat. I wasn't really a big bread guy. every now and then if it was like easy, like when I was studying for the MCATs, it was just easy to get a whole bunch of like whole wheat pasta and I just boil it up real quick and have a whole big thing of pasta and just eat that real quick and then, you know, study for the afternoon. And I I never really realized it, but I I would I would pass out like a couple hours later. I just get exhausted and I pass out on the couch and sleep for two hours and then wake up and keep studying. And like you know that was that was this um you know this carb coma that I would go into after I ate pasta you know because you you actually get that because you eat these carbohydrates. Carbohydrates at past a certain level are actually directly toxic to your body. This is what kills diabetics is the toxic nature of carbohydrates past a certain point and so your body is trying to protect you by detoxifying this. So, you know, your body responds to glucose past a certain level as a toxin and try and responds to it by detoxifying it, which is how you know it's a toxin. And so, insulin goes up and it stays up and then blood sugar drops down. You get what's called reactive hypoglycemia and you just get tired and your blood sugar drops and you just take a nap if you can or you have just, you know, suffer and drink a bunch of coffee if you can't. And um, you know, looking back that's what it was. But yeah, I switched back to I've always eaten very clean. I never ate junk food, you know. I'd have pizza once every few years maybe, you know. I mean, it was like it was just never never something that um was a major part of my diet. We always cooked all our meals. My mom cooked every meal at home apart from like cereal in the mornings. And um you know, when I was an adult, I did the same. And uh most of that was meat and I would have some other stuff with it because you're supposed to have other stuff with it. That was pretty much it. And so I went back to a very clean whole food, mostly meat, probably ketogenic most of the time because I just didn't didn't buy a bunch of bread and eat carbs all that much. Um sort of diet with with a bunch of like clean veggies, you know? I mean, like on paper, you'd think that was a really, really healthy diet. And it's a lot healthier than a lot of other people, but I felt a thousand times better at 38 when I just dropped the veggies and started eating a lot more fatty meat. I felt like I was 22 again. And I started performing like I was 22 again. I actually went out and started playing rugby again and just was right back into it and and felt amazing even though I was insanely out of shape. I hadn't played rugby in three years, full season in three years. Anyway, I just just felt amazing and was able to compete at a high level again. Um, and actually go back and start playing professionally again in in Seattle, the my my team in Seattle I grew up playing with. They had gone fully professional at that point with the the start of the MLR, the Major League Rugby. And so, that was the first season I was like, I really want to play in this season. And I was back and and feeling great and getting back in shape. Unfortunately, I had a knee injury, but there was just, you know, I felt absolutely incredible from a from a fitness health point of view. Um, there so there was no no issues there. And then at that point, I really started getting really interested in in this concept and and and how much better I was feeling. And I started really digging into the literature and trying to find out as much as I could. I I realized that there was this massive body of medical and biological physiological literature out there that you never get taught in medical school or residency. It's just completely outside the the scope of teaching there. And the reality is is because it's, you know, the the curriculum is largely dictated by the food and drug companies were the major sponsors of these institutions. Unfortunately, they're also the major sponsors of the scientific journals, which I actually found out recently, and they actually can block out and and and say who gets published where or even gets reviewed to publish a paper because they don't want things going against their product. And so they can say, "Hey, we're going to pull funding if you look at that that paper." And so people are finding it actually very difficult like to like some of the top professors from uh MIT like uh professor Stephanie Senith you know she went to MIT for undergrad and grad school PhD there in computer science right so she smart cookie right and top 1% of the top 1% and she has been a professor at MIT ever since or she's been a tenure professor in computer science um for 40 years or so and then she started doing you know biological studies and studying um glyphosate and its effects on on you know human health and she was saying that that it's actually very difficult to get published even as a 40-year tenure professor at MIT because of this of this issue that they just have this block and strangle hold even on the scientific medical or scientific um journals and So they there are papers out there though there are thousands upon thousands upon thousands of papers out there and studies show randomized control trials largecale human uh subjects that show massive improvements to human health and reversal of many diseases. And it's you know begs a question why isn't this taught in medical school? And and that is a legitimate question because this works better than drugs in a lot of cases. And so, you know, it's it's a direct competition with these drug companies and they're the ones who who who help dictate the curriculum. But the de the data is there. It's just that people don't realize it. They think, well, if it was, you know, fit to print, then I would have been taught it in medical school or residency. And if it wasn't taught to me there, that means it doesn't exist. And so, you talk to them. So, well, there's there's no evidence to to show that diet has anything to do with disease or condition X. And what that really means is that they have no idea. They just haven't looked because it because a lot of the time it is there. And so, you know, a good a good thing to do is say you ask them about that. No, no, there's no evidence for that. And that question is like, have you looked? Because actually there is a lot of evidence. It's just not spoonfed to us. And so that's that's sort of been my crusade here for the last several years is trying to get this information out to the mainstream. I've obviously seen this direct effect on my life, my family's life, and now my patients life. And I'm seeing the evidence. I'm seeing this absolute iceberg in of information that is just out of sight for people. And they just, you know, they don't even know to look for. you don't know what you don't know and they said they don't even look for I started asking questions I said well if we if this is the case we should see evidence for this I just started searching for studies anything that could that could compare you know these two different contrasting situations and trying to find evidence with which to test these theories against and I I found endless supplies of studies of high quality and and merit that just don't get taught you in medical school because they don't have a product behind it so there's no marketing team behind it to push push this out there. And um so now putting this into practice and and having treated hundreds of patients, if about thousands of patients directly in my clinic, in my practice, I've seen massive improvements. I mean, things that that just are right now considered incurable. They cannot be treated. They cannot be cured. They can only treat the symptoms. No, no, you can you can you can cure it if you know what's causing it. you know, you just have to, you know, you have to address the root cause. And so that's what what I've been doing. And I've been I've been putting this out there uh for free online, telling people um showing people the evidence and and showing them people who have healed different things. And then you look in the comments, you'll see hundreds if not thousands of people saying that was me. I would I did that few years ago. I'm going through it now. I'm coming off my medications. All these other sorts of things. The theory is only good as what it's able to predict. And so it's um you know it's a bit telling when people go on a carnivore diet and the the benefits that they receive are exactly what are laid out every time and time and time and time again. You get these this very clear progression and improvement. And so it's just very important to me to get this out to people, to get this out to people so they can take their health into their own hands and they don't have to be beholden to the medical establishment and they don't have to be beholden to taking all these medications and supplements and this is and thats and whatever. They can just eat food and be healthy. The natural state of all life on Earth is that of health. And we are the most successful species that has ever walked the earth. And so we should be the healthiest and most robust species on Earth. and yet we're the sickest. Okay, so that's not genetic. That's not part of our species. That's not inbuilt in us. That's happening to us. And we're seeing this in real time. Every decade we're getting more and more sick. And so obviously that's environmental. That's not uh anything we're in in innately built with built with. So that's very important to me to let people understand how to take back control of their own health and only need the medical establishment when there's an actual emergency like an injury or infectious disease that they can't clear on their own and and to educate doctors as well and get them on this board because it's so important for the medical establishment to really understand this as well and and know hey look there's actually better uh there's better evidence here for other treatments and they work better for patients and get better outcomes and they don't cost a fortune. And so that's obviously better for your patient. And you know, the more doctors that come across this that I that I speak to or that that see it for themselves, the more people that are on board with this because the evidence is absolutely there and they're seeing this as well. It's not just me. It's not just a few others. This is tens of thousands of doctors around the world at this point. >> It is it is mindblowing. um you know that there is very little uh if any focus on nutrition um in medical school. Uh I know a few a few uh people personally that have recently uh finished their medical training and they said they they did almost nothing about nutrition. Um and you know even you know modern doctors now my family doctor you know when I mention something about carnivore or something they look at me like that's not a good idea like you know and watch your saturated fat and you know but the the marketing and propaganda is just it's incredible how powerful it is and I mean even with something like alcohol I mean I I don't drink and if you go out with friends and I said, "No, I just want to have some water." People look at you like you're weird. You know, they they're like, "What is wrong with you?" Or or they think that you've been an alcoholic. You know, there must be some reason why you're not drinking. Um but if you went out and and you told people, "Oh, I don't drink water. You know, I just drink juice and alcohol and go out and drink and but I don't drink water. I don't like water." They would they wouldn't give it a second thought. They Okay, that's fine. So, that's that's considered normal. But if you tell people you want to drink water, then it's not normal. I mean, it's just it's so backwards. Um, and and yeah, with the with the, you know, with the nutrition and supplements. I mean, that also to me doesn't make sense that saying that meat is bad, but yet you can get everything you need from meat. And from if you are on a plant-based diet, you need to supplement. So, why would a diet where you need to supplement be better than a diet where you don't need to supplement? I mean, it I don't know. I mean, just from a logical point of view, uh I'm not a doctor myself, but that just makes a lot of sense to me. >> Yeah. Well, you're not a doctor, but you have a brain, and so you can you can think and see what's in front of you, you know, and and you don't need to be a doctor to have common sense. And, you know, in fact, a lot of doctors are probably lacking in that regard. So, you know, common sense, unfortunately, is not all that common anymore. You know, they used to say like, you know, wisdom from the mouth of babes. You know, what does that mean? that just means, you know, a kid that's just looking at the world fresh and going like, "That doesn't make sense. What the hell are you talking about?" And that's and that's what we need to get back to because we we've been taught how to think and and what to think or sorry, they were taught what to think as opposed to how to think and and and they pigeonhold our brains to just do what we're told. So, you know, we we don't actually know how to think critically and look at something and go like, "Hold on a second. that that doesn't make any sense. That doesn't pass the smell test because you're right. If if something is if a diet is lacking in in nutrients, if you have to supplement, then by definition, your diet is deficient, right? That's that's a definition in terms. Well, it could be soil could whatever it's deficient. You're not getting the nutrients that you require. Now, you may have a malabsorption issue, but if your if your diet just on its face cannot provide certain nutrients like B12 or D3 or K2 or DHA or EPA or retinol or the list goes on, then that is a deficient diet. That is not an appropriate diet. And obviously, it's not our evolved diet because we would die, right? And meat has absolutely everything we need in the proportion that we need it. How do we know that? Because there are people that eat meat exclusively and nothing else generation after generation after generation in society's alive right now that have absolutely no issues. And if you're deficient by 1% in only one nutrient, you cannot do that. You cannot live generation after generation after generation. You will die out. And so obviously that's not the case. Um, I actually find that it's better that doctors aren't taught nutrition because we'd be taught the wrong nutrition, right? We'd be taught a whole bunch of plant-based nonsense and just reinforce this. It would be exactly the same. I mean, it's not like it's not like it's any different. Um, you know, it's not like nutritionists are coming out going like, "Oh my god, no, we should all be carnivores." They're all saying we should be vegan, you know, because that's what they're getting taught, right? And so you have a nutritionist who's promoting a diet that is lacking in basic essential nutrients. You know, it's in the name nutritionist nutrients. You need nutrients, right? And yet these different nutritional bodies are pushing plant-based vegan diets. Well, why are they doing that? Because they're heavily funded by the plant-based processed food industry like Kelloggs, like Sanitarium, like Nestle, like Coca-Cola, and Pepsi, etc., etc., etc. So that's who pays these people and that's who pulls their strings and that's why you'll see them pushing a plant-based diet because these processed food companies make massive massive profits off of their plant-based products. So readymade meals, all these other sorts of things, but just junk food too, potato chips, etc. And they know that statistically when people go vegan, they don't all go to like fresh quinoa salads and sprouted alalfa. No, they they eat junk food. They eat potato chips and Oreo cookies, which are vegan, by the way. And so, you know, it's um it's it's just it's just marketing and propaganda. They're trying to push their product. They're trying to sell more of this garbage. Uh it is a drug. They have they use multiple drugs that are known to be addictive that are known drugs like sugar. Sugar is a known drug. It's a known addictive drug, addictive substance. They put in caffeine, a known drug, an addictive substance, and it's to compel you to continue to eating eat their product. They have food scientists who are very clever people. When Philip Morris and the other tobacco companies started tanking in the 80s because, you know, the bag came out that, you know, they've been lying for decades about how dangerous tobacco was. Um, they were the largest companies on earth. They were the largest, most wealthy companies on earth. So, I said, "Okay, well, we need to diversify now." That's what they did is they went into the processed food industry and they bought up Craft and a bunch of other big big companies. They became the largest processed food manufacturer on earth and they moved these thousands of um scientists from the tobacco industry over to the food industry. And they were in the tobacco industry trying to make it more and more addictive and compulsive and so that people just smoked and smoked and smoked and smoked and smoked. So they sold more product because that's all they cared about. They cared about selling that, you know, $3.50 50 cent pack of cigarettes and they wanted you just just to buy more and more and more of those things and now it's like what 20 bucks a pack because of the taxes. But like you know they don't care that people are suffering and dying as a result of in fact they knew that was happening which is why I don't think they should have gotten a a civil slap on the wrist. I mean it's $400 billion but like who cares? They made trillions over the years and they killed hundreds of millions of people prematurely and caused disease and probably a few billion who were smokers at the time. And they knew it. They knew this was causing disease. They knew this was causing harm, emphyma and cancer, etc. peripheral vascular disease and and heart disease. They knew it. their own documents, their own their own um memos that were leaked out to Congress, the US Congress, that they said that specifically. They knew all this was happening, which is why they got that $400 billion fine. And why didn't they face criminal charges? They knowingly killed people. They knowingly caused massive burdens of disease and illness on a global scale. I mean, this is mass genocide at this point. These are crimes against humanity. We should have had another Nermberg trial and actually strung these guys up and executed them from with a firing squad. Like I, you know, seriously, these guys should have faced harsh criminal uh penalties because of this or at least a trial. You know, it should have at least been manifested criminal charges because of this. And now we're getting the same thing. So these guys took all their their scientists and making tobacco more and more addictive and breeding up more and more n tobac um nicotine and the tobacco and all these other sorts of things and all these different processes to make it faster and more efficient and more profitable and more and ended up being more harmful. So he took all those guys, those very clever people, put these guys into food sciences and to then do that to try to make food as addictive as possible and try to to put these different substances that trigger something called the bliss point that makes your brain just go, "Oo, eat this more of that now, please." And you eat that because your brain thinks you're getting something really good for you. Goes into your stomach. You actually have receptors in your stomach that track the macro and micronutrients that are in your stomach and that sends a signal up the brain uh up to the brain via the fa vagus nerve and your brain actually sees how many nutrients you have there. So you get this, oo, that tastes really good. That's good for you. Taste, but it goes in your stomach and your stomach goes there's there's nothing we can there's nothing here. Like your your body tracks nutrients. It does not track calories. And so it's not seeing any nutrients and it's getting these bliss point hits and it's and have these chemicals actually disrupt our normal society signals. So, we overeat and we keep eating, keep eating, keep eating, keep eating and we use more of their product and buy more of their product and they sell more and it's better for their bottom line and that's all there is to it. They just they just want to sell more. They want to sell more potato chips. They have these, you know, they they don't even hide it in their advertising, you know. It's like like Pringles, bet you can't eat just one. He's like, "I bet you I bet you think that because you've designed it like that, you know, and so, you know, it's um those are the people funding the nutrition courses and the nutritional colleges." And uh you know, there was uh they actually they've come after a number of doctors uh such as Dr. Gary Fetkkey here in Australia. He's an orthopedic surgeon. and he was putting people on ketogenic diets to reverse their diabetes and it was reversing their diabetes and now it's in the the national guidelines in Australia to treat diabetes. It's it's considered best practice to put diabetics on a ketogenic diet. He was doing this well ahead of his time and he was reversing diabetes and and making it so these people didn't need amputations anymore because he was an orthopedic surgeon and he had to do these foot and leg amputations and he said it was just horrible. you know, it was a terrible, you know, just hearing a human foot fall into a trash can after you've cut it off. It's it's just a terrible sound that you just can't get out of your head. He's like, "Okay, don't want to do that anymore." And so, he's getting these people to change their diet. And it was actually completely turning them around and saving these people's life and their health. And they came after him. In fact, um, a a medical group here in Australia actually sued for the minutes of a of a certain cereal company and got the minutes and they actually saw in there that they said, "This damn ketogenic diet movement is killing our cereal sales. We need to shut it up. We need to, you know, sort of, you know, show that it's, you know, try to disqualified all these sort of things." And so they named they named specific doctors around the world who were pushing this and said we need to discredit these people. We need to get their licenses taken away and say that these are just a phony and a fraud and a quack so that we can go on with this. Right? And they named Gary Fecky by name. And I mean it's not like he had a massive, you know, social media presence. He had 4,000 people that followed him on Instagram. It was, you know, it was I don't know how they he got on their radar, but they tapped the Australian Dietetics Associations, who they're they're the major funders of. And the head of the Australian uh sorry, the Australian Dietetics Association, um they the head of the Australian Dietetics Association then called the the head of Gary Fecky's Hospital and said, "You need to shut this guy up and shut him down." And so they started trying to work against him to get his medical license pulled, right? And so that's who these people are. So thank God that those guys don't have a say in what gets taught in medical school because it would just it would just be reinforcing that same whole garbage and it would just be even more entrenched in people's minds uh as they come out of medical school. So you know at least uh at least there's not that. I mean, yeah. And you tell someone that and they'll call you a conspiracy theorist. >> It's all in the literature. This is all published data, you know. Yeah. I mean, it's not Yeah. >> But people just are so blind so blind to it and just, you know, propaganda is a is a powerful thing. Well, you I mean you all you have to do is look at the at the main donors for the Australian Dietetics Association and the American Dietetics Association and your eur different European uh groups and and every country you know who funds these people. It's the same it's the usual suspects. It's Nestle, it's Coke, it's Pepsi, you know, it's Fizer, it's Madna, it's it's all these other places, you know, it's it's all the food and drug companies and bear, you know, Monsanto, all these sorts of things. You know, they are the ones who are the major funders of these things. They and they they're the major funders for medical conferences. When you go to a mainstream medical conference, you will see who the donors are. It is the big food and drug companies, all the processed garbage food companies and all of the the major pharmaceutical companies. That's who funds this these places. And of course, because their money talks, they have a say in who gets to present papers and literature and publications at those conferences. And you know, it's it's it's not really going to deviate too far from the mainstream. >> Yeah. My my theory, I mean my own conspira conspiracy theory is that, you know, it obviously benefits the the medical industry um when more people are sick. And so why would why would the medical industry want to cure disease? You want to keep people alive, but just kind of keep them ticking along so that the money keeps coming in. And so makes it would make perfect sense for me that you know the the food industry and the medical industry work together to kind of create this cycle of money coming in sick people. Um but you know so they they're living for a slightly shorter lifespan but you know it's just a endless stream of revenue and they if they could cure disease just by diet that would be not a very savvy move from a financial standpoint. >> Yeah. Yeah. The thing is too is that these food and drug companies are actually they're quite incestuous because they they actually are very heavily invested in each other, right? And so, you know, that sort of that sort of makes you a bit suspicious that, you know, they're they're sort of profiting off of each other's industries, you know, the food companies making people sick and the and then the uh the drug companies, you know, treating that sickness. But as far as curing disease, no, you're you are completely right in that regard. In fact, that's come out. there sort of these these things that were leaked from Goldman Sachs investment company. Um there was a meeting that um people took a picture of the slide and and it went po went viral said you know is curing someone of a disease a viable business model and the answer of course was no because the the money is in the comeback you know like any good drug dealer you have to keep people coming back for your product. You know, if you gave someone a bag of heroin that kept them high the rest of their life, you know, or ne not needing heroin, like you're out of business, you know, so, you know, you need them to come back and come back and come back. And so, you know, the the angle is not to cure disease. The angle is to treat the disease and make it more tolerable so that you can live with it, but never cure it. uh you know and Chris Rock said this in in a standup routine he did in the 1990s he said you know they're never going to cure AIDS last what the what was the last thing doctors cured polio you know and like they're not you they're not curing this because you know the money's in in in you know the return customer and coming back the money's in the treatment not in the cure and you know there's like so they're never going to cure age they're never going to cure these other things because you know they're still pissed at all the money they lost from polio you know and um he said you know it's like It's like uh you know the car industry you know we have spaceships that are like circling around Jupiter and going into the outer orbits of of this galaxy or the solar system and and trying to go beyond and it's like you're telling me that we can't make a Cadillac whose bumper doesn't fall off? Like you're kidding me, you know? So like they can but they won't do it because they make more money if you come back with a problem. Buy a new car and get your bumper fixed. And um so that's the thing. There's um I think it was called Gilead. I remember this. There was a company when I was actually when I was in I think I was an intern back in like 2013. Um pretty sure I was an intern. I'm pretty sure it was Gilead. They came out with this drug that it was actually a cure for hepatitis C which you've only been able to treat. You know, it's just like it's incurable up until then. And then all of a sudden they had this cure that was coming out. And I remember reading about that. I was just like, "Oh, that's probably a good company to invest in because it's as a cure for hepatitis C and like there's a lot of people with hepatitis C. So, this is this is a big this is a big deal." And um and they actually got in trouble by like Goldman Sachs and then they actually these these documents got I'm pretty sure it was Goldman Sachs and they they actually excoriated and said, "Hey, it's this is not what we want. You you messed up here. You don't want to cure. We don't want to cure these things, you know, because then now you're screwed up because we had treatments that just go on for decades and then you have you have to treat these people forever. If you cure them, that's it. It's done. So, you shouldn't have done that. You shouldn't look for cures. You should look for treatment. Um, and that's that of course is is completely antithetical to the to the actual medical establishment. You know, that the actual, you know, doctors and researchers who are actually trying to better human health. This is this is a very ghoulish predatory sort of behavior that has absolutely no business um being part of the medical establishment you know but we need to recognize that is their motivation right and so that's their motivation fine we don't look to them for cures we know they are not going to try to find a cure so we need to find a cure we need to look into these things and so That's just fine, you know, that's just that's just information that we need. But, you know, we can't let these people dictate the medical establishment, the medical sciences, and the medical um, you know, and and the medical education because they they are very conflicted. They have a serious conflict of interest because they want disease to perpetuate so that they can just treat it and make massive amounts of money. They don't want to cure these things. So they should absolutely have absolutely no say in the curriculum of medical schools. I mean Jesus, that is just so backwards to have that. You know, I was speaking to a cardiologist this weekend and he was saying that, you know, drug companies are not even bothering them anymore about prescribing statins because they're off they're off patent, right? So they don't they're not making huge dollars out of these things anymore. They still make a lot of money, but it's nothing close to what they have, but they have these other drugs on patent. So now they have these um these drugs um that that attack your body's ability to make cholesterol even more. And you know that's what statins do too. But know these are the new drug and they're on patent. So that's what you got to push out. And the only reason they're pushing these out is the next big thing even though they do relatively similar things as statins is just because they're on patent and they're really expensive, right? And so that's why they're super important and good and and wonderful. But they do aggressively lower your body's ability to make cholesterol. You need cholesterol. Your body's made out of cholesterol. I learned that in 8th grade. I remember seeing that in a in a textbook in my biology class that the lipid billayer that makes up the cell membrane in our bodies is a is a lipid billayer of cholesterol molecules. So we are literally made out of cholesterol. Our hormones are made out of cholesterol. brain is largely made out of cholesterol. Every cell in our body is made out of cholesterol. Bile is made out of cholesterol. Different, you know, um uh molecules that that that communicate in between different cells are made out of cholesterol. So, how is it that cholesterol is somehow bad for us? How is it that our own natural production of cholesterol is somehow an inbuilt flaw designed flaw that is just going to kill us? Right? That's what they're arguing. and and it is it is an absurd statement just on its face even even without looking at the evidence and the evidence is robustly against them but now they're saying this is my colle cardiologist colleague was saying that now they're trying to push for lower and lower and lower LDL targets saying no no no we you have to even get it basically you know you know less than half of what we say now you should get it under because these these new drugs can really lower the hell out of your cholesterol. And he's saying they're telling us to lower these things past the point of physiology. Like no one would ever be physiologically at these low levels, but they're saying, "No, no, that's even better because your body is just is just built wrong." And you know, just just nature just screwed up and we're actually just these flawed entities. and um and that you need these drugs and oh thank goodness they came around to make these drugs because we're all just dropping like flies before they showed up and and they want you to lower your cholesterol even further. They're talking about lowering uh the um blood pressure targets as well, trying to get that know down to 115 110. Well, because you you sign up, you know, another, you know, 30% of the population who needs blood pressure medication, right? So now you now you've got, you know, another, you know, 400 million people that that are, you know, paying for your your drugs, you know? So this is drug dealer 101. You know, you just get people hooked, get them addicted, get them stuck and get them dependent on your poison so that you can keep making money in another way like they did in the supernova trial where they took ketogenic athletes and they said, "Okay, you go or they took athletes and said, "Okay, you drop the carbs, go keto." And but they only gave them two weeks and then they tested them sort of, you know, very quickly after, you know, a couple weeks. Um they also
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